The ml redefined its position during the world war ii. Jinnah declared the day of resignation of congress ministries as the day of deliverance on december 22, 1939 for indian muslims. The muslims observed day of deliverance on december 22, 1939. Its report charged the congress for interference with the religious rites, suppression of. After the elections, congress was able to form ministries. The rule of the congress ministries from july 1937 to october 1939 had been nothing short of a nightmare. Roosevelt won easy reelection in the 1936 elections.
The allindia muslim league failed to form the government in any province. Subahsh chandra bose and congress haripura session 1938 gktoday. Provincial elections of 1937 and the congress ministries. Oct 16, 2011 therefore, no agreement was possible on this issue. Rule of congress ministries the government of india act of.
Eventually, after a fourmonth delay, congress formed their ministries in july 1937. Final assignment about 193637 elections and congress ministries. The congress declared hindi as the national language and congress flag was granted the status of national flag. Congressmuslim league relations 193739 modern asian. Google scholarnehru, to jinnah, bombay, 14 december 1939. The indian national congress pronunciation inc, often called the congress party or simply congress is a political party in india with widespread roots.
More explanations in different chapters rule of congress ministry aroused many expectations among almost all classes. History important dates helpline for icse students class 10. Fazlul huq, the prime minister of bengal, was a formal political statement adopted by the allindia muslim league on the occasion of its threeday general session in. On 14 july, rajaji was sworn in as the chief minister. The congress ministries resigned in october and november 1939, in protest against viceroy lord. Assignment with the congress ministries 193739 formation of congress ministry in bihar. Congress ministries 1937 1939 even though muslim league and congress were against the government of india act 1935, yet it was implemented in the winter of 1937. Both viceroy linlithgow and muhammad ali jinnah were pleased with the resignations. The congress ministries resigned in october and november 1939, in protest against viceroy. Fazlul huq with 36 seats was able to form a coalition government. Roosevelts failed attempt to pack the supreme court with sympathetic justices helped foster a conservative coalition of southern democrats and republicans in the 75th congress 19371939. In regard to congress, he had to control his cabinet, the congress legislature party and strike a balance between the claims of the parliamentary party and the 4 f.
Democrats large congressional majorities grew after the 1934 elections in a potent endorsement of president franklin d. Both the congress and the muslim league were critical of the government of india act, 1935, but decided to participate in the elections, which were held under it. The congress ministries were formed and agreed upon by the british government last 1937. Even before independence of india, the indian national congress had well articulated foreign policy positions. On december 2, 1939, jinnah put out an appeal, calling for indian muslims to celebrate december 22, 1939 as a day of deliverance from congress. Apart from launching a quite secular sociocultural and politicoeconomic programme, it crushed all those moves.
The elections conclusively demonstrated that a large majority of indian people supported the congress, which swept the polls in most of the provinces. Congress came into power in 1937 in eight provinces of the subcontinent. How congress ministries paved way towards muslim homeland. The congress party gained an absolute majority in bombay, madras, u. Congress rejected offer and resigned from ministries in oct 1939 by now, jinnah had revolutionized muslim league into a mass party, with huge membership and a challenge to congress he offered cooperation if congress stopped antimuslim policies, but congress rejected. The congress ministries were in power from july, 1937 to november, 1939.
Jan 30, 2015 pirpur committee was established in 1938 by the all india muslim league to prepare a detailed report regarding the atrocities of the congress ministries 1937 1939 formed after the elections under the 1935 government of india act in different provinces. During this period, these ministries used all methods of. In december, 1939 in march, 1939 in march, 1938 in october, 1939 question no. The just and legitimate demands of the muslims were ignored. Both the congress and the muslim league were critical of the government of india act, 1935, but decided to participate in the elections, which were held under it during the first weeks of 1937. Congress ministries rule provided a number of reasons for the establishment of the separate muslim homeland. The election under the new government of india act 1935 was held in february 1937. It also formed coalition ministries in sind and assam. Two months later, in protest against this unilateral act, which appeared to indians as a reassertion of highhanded british imperialism, the congress ministries in the provinces resigned. Jun 01, 2003 eventually, after a fourmonth delay, congress formed their ministries in july 1937. In bengal, though the congress was the largest party with 52 seats, the krishak praja party of a. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the british empire in asia and africa.
Kamarajs resignation in 1946 over the gandhijis statement of clique and so on. In 1939 the governments of the united provinces, bihar, the central. Congress overview democrats maintained large congressional majorities, and president franklin d. The indian national congress emerged in power in eight of the provinces the exceptions being punjab and sindh. Now, what lay before them was the task of persuading their concerned masses to support them in the upcoming elections. Assignment with the congress ministries 1937 39 formation of congress ministry in bihar the programme of reinvigoration and revitalizing the congress had been successful as demonstrated by its success in the elections to the provincial assemblies. Resignation of congress ministries 1939 gknotebook. Rule of congress ministries the government of india act. Congress ministries were formed in july 1937 in seven out of eleven provinces. Congress ministries 19371939 even though muslim league and congress were against the government of india act 1935, yet it was implemented in the winter of 1937.
Twentyseven months of the congress rule were like a nightmare for the muslims of south asia. Congress delayed the formation of its ministries for four months demanding that the governor would not interrupt the legislative affairs. The short period of the congress rule was extremely crucial in the history of hindumuslim relations and projected fully its hindu racism and antimuslim policies. Formation of congress ministries in provinces in 1937. The demand was finally answered and the congress ministries were formed in july 1937. Congress ministries were formed in july 1937 in several provinces, including the united provinces, madras, the central provinces, bombay, bihar, orissa, and after sometime in the northwest frontier provinces nwfp. My insta profile link the english version of the video can be found at. Quaidiazam asked the muslims to celebrate december 22, 1939 as a day of.
But muslim league, which stood for separate electorates, was unfortunately divided in several factions owing to personal and ideological differences. It only helped hindus, stopped the 700 years of muslim ruleand used the hindi language. Congress ministries were formed in 8 out of 11 provinces of india in 1937. Only bengal and the punjab had non congress ministries. The new government, informally known as congress ministries, ruled over internal affairs of india from 1937 to 1939. Apr 02, 2015 2 how did the congress ministries perform and with what consequences during their brief stint of power from 1937 to 1939 during indias struggle for independence.
The final results of the elections were declared in february 1937. The indian national congress secured a sweeping victory in five provinces and was in a position to form coalition ministries in two other provincesa victory which revealed the efficiency and capability of the party so far as the election machine was concerned. Only bengal and punjab had non congress ministries. Muslims all over india heaved a sigh of relief at the end of the congress rule because the policies and attitude of congress was hostile to muslim population and it was end of congress tyranny. The 74th congress 19351937 addressed the longterm social safetynet as the great depression persisted. The 1937 elections marked the start of the indian national congress participation in the governance of india. The congress ministries in eight provinces lasted from july 1937 to october 1939. Congress ministries and all its detail all india muslim. They resigned because with the beginning off the world war 2 nd in september 1939 the british went to war and being the colonial rulers of india they declared on behalf of india that india is also part of the war effort.
The programme of reinvigoration and revitalizing the congress had been successful as demonstrated by its success in the elections to the provincial assemblies. On 3 september 1939, on the outbreak of the second world war, the viceroy lord linlithgow declared india, alongside britain itself, at war with hitlers germany. The muslim quarter of indias population became increasingly wary of the congress partys promises and restive in the wake of the collapse of the khilafat movement, which occurred after kemal ataturk announced his modernist turkish reforms in 1923 and disavowed the very title of caliph the following year. The seventyfifth united states congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the united states federal government, composed of the united states senate and the united states house of representatives. On the basis of the wardha scheme the indian national congress adopted a resolution. In the words of rejaul karim laskar, a scholar of indian foreign policy and an ideologue of indian national congress, right after the establishment of the indian national congress, it started articulating its views on foreign affairs. The congress swept the polls in most of the provinces.
The congress proved to be a pure hindu party and worked during its reign only for the betterment of the hindus. The files of the muslim newspapers of the period testify to the undemocratic and antimuslim character of the congress. In the madras presidency, it also marked the beginning of rajajis ascendancy in the congress legislature party. Provincial elections were held in british india in the winter of 193637 as mandated by the. Assignment with the congress ministries 193739 formation of congress ministry in bihar the programme of reinvigoration and revitalizing the congress had been successful as demonstrated by its success in the elections to the provincial assemblies. Later, congress formed coalition governments in two others. Dec 01, 2016 pirpur committee was established in 1938 by the all india muslim league to prepare a detailed report regarding the atrocities of the congress ministries 1937 1939 formed after the elections under the 1935 government of india act in different provinces. The congress ministries lasted for a period less than two and a half years, from july 1937 to octobernovember 1939. Elections, 1937 the elections were held in january and february of 1937. Congressmuslim league relations 193739 volume 12 issue 4 deepak pandey. The supreme court found many of fdrs programs unconstitutional, but congressional democrats continued passing reform legislation. It met in washington, dc from january 3, 1937, to january 3, 1939, during the first two years of the second administration of u. The muslim league proactively declared 22 december 1939, as a day of deliverance from the oppression of congress raj.